来源：自学PHP网 时间：2015-04-16 10:51 作者： 阅读:次
[导读] 同大多数关系型数据库一样，日志文件是MySQL数据库的重要组成部分。MySQL有几种不同的日志文件，通常包括错误日志文件，二进制日志，通用日志，慢查询日志，等等。这些日志可以帮...
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同大多数关系型数据库一样，日志文件是MySQL数据库的重要组成部分。MySQL有几种不同的日志文件，通常包括错误日志文件，二进制日志，通用日志，慢查询日志，等等。这些日志可以帮助我们定位mysqld内部发生的事件，数据库性能故障，记录数据的变更历史，用户恢复数据库等等。二进制日志，也叫binary log，是MySQL Server中最为重要的日志之一，本文主要描述二进制日志。 1、MySQL日志文件系统的组成 2、二进制日志(Binary log) 3、二进制日志相关演示 a、启用二进制日志 --当前环境 root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%version%'; +-------------------------+------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+------------------------------+ | innodb_version | 5.5.39 | | protocol_version | 10 | | slave_type_conversions | | | version | 5.5.39 | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | x86_64 | | version_compile_os | Linux | +-------------------------+------------------------------+ root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | log_bin | OFF | --该参数用于设定是否启用二进制日志 | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+-------+ --以下为binary log相关参数 root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%binlog%'; +-----------------------------------------+----------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------------+----------------------+ | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF | | binlog_format | STATEMENT | | binlog_stmt_cache_size | 32768 | | innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog | OFF | | max_binlog_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 | | max_binlog_size | 1073741824 | | max_binlog_stmt_cache_size | 18446744073709547520 | | sync_binlog | 0 | +-----------------------------------------+----------------------+ --当前mysql服务器数据文件的缺省位置 root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%datadir%'; +---------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------+ | datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ | +---------------+-----------------+ --停止mysql服务器 suse11b:~ # service mysql stop Shutting down MySQL.... done --编辑my.cnf来设定binary log日志位置(注，配置二进制日志路径及文件名后，系统变量log_bin被自动置为on) suse11b:~ # vi /etc/my.cnf suse11b:~ # grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log-error=/tmp/suse11b.err log_bin=/var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog suse11b:~ # mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql/binarylog suse11b:~ # chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/binarylog suse11b:~ # /etc/init.d/mysql start Starting MySQL.. done suse11b:~ # ls -hltr /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/* -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 39 Oct 3 13:41 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.index #索引文件 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 3 13:41 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000001 #日志文件 b、切换日志 suse11b:~ # mysql -uroot -pxxx root@localhost[(none)]> flush logs; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) root@localhost[(none)]> system ls -hltr /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/* -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 78 Oct 3 13:43 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 3 13:43 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000002 #切换后产生了000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:43 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000001 root@localhost[(none)]> system mysqladmin flush-logs #使用mysqladmin命令行工具flush-logs方式切换日志 root@localhost[(none)]> system ls -hltr /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/* -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:43 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 117 Oct 3 13:45 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 3 13:45 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000003 #切换后产生了000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:45 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000002 root@localhost[(none)]> system mysqladmin refresh #使用mysqladmin命令行工具refresh方式切换日志 root@localhost[(none)]> system ls -hltr /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/* -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:43 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:45 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 156 Oct 3 13:46 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 Oct 3 13:46 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000004 #切换后产生了000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:46 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000003 c、模拟产生二进制日志及查看内容 root@localhost[(none)]> create database tempdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) root@localhost[(none)]> use tempdb Database changed root@localhost[tempdb]> create table tb1(id smallint,val varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) root@localhost[tempdb]> insert into tb1 values(1,'jack'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) root@localhost[tempdb]> system strings /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000004 bin?8.T 5.5.39-log z=.T tempdb create database tempdb tempdb create table tb1(id smallint,val varchar(10)) tempdb BEGIN tempdb insert into tb1 values(1,'jack') root@localhost[tempdb]> system more /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.index /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000001 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000002 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000003 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000004 --使用命令行工具mysqlbinlog直接提取二进制日志的内容 root@localhost[tempdb]> system mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000004 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #141003 13:46:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 107 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.5.39-log created 141003 13:46:39 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' PzguVA8BAAAAZwAAAGsAAAABAAQANS41LjM5LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVAAEGggAAAAICAgCAA== '/*!*/; # at 107 #141003 14:08:58 server id 1 end_log_pos 194 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1412316538/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=1/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; create database tempdb /*!*/; # at 194 #141003 14:09:36 server id 1 end_log_pos 304 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `tempdb`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1412316576/*!*/; create table tb1(id smallint,val varchar(10)) /*!*/; # at 304 #141003 14:09:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 374 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1412316596/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 374 #141003 14:09:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 471 Query thread_id=1 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1412316596/*!*/; insert into tb1 values(1,'jack') /*!*/; # at 471 #141003 14:09:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 498 Xid = 25 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; --从以上的内容可以看出二进制日志记录了所有操作的DML语句及其开销，以及一些系统环境变量的信息。 d、管理二进制日志 --对于二进制日志，应尽可能保存在安全的位置，与数据分开存储 --使用show binary logs获取二进制日志相关信息 root@localhost[(none)]> help show binary logs; Name: 'SHOW BINARY LOGS' Description: Syntax: SHOW BINARY LOGS SHOW MASTER LOGS Lists the binary log files on the server. This statement is used as part of the procedure described in [HELP PURGE BINARY LOGS], that shows how to determine which logs can be purged. root@localhost[tempdb]> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000001 | 147 | | binlog.000002 | 147 | | binlog.000003 | 147 | | binlog.000004 | 498 | +---------------+-----------+ show binlog events用于在二进制日志中显示事件。如果未指定'log_name'，则显示第一个二进制日志。 root@localhost[(none)]> help show binlog events; --获取帮助信息 Name: 'SHOW BINLOG EVENTS' Description: Syntax: SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count] Shows the events in the binary log. If you do not specify 'log_name', the first binary log is displayed. root@localhost[(none)]> show binlog events; +---------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +---------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | binlog.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 107 | Server ver: 5.5.39-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | binlog.000001 | 107 | Rotate | 1 | 147 | binlog.000002;pos=4 | +---------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ root@localhost[(none)]> show binlog events in 'binlog.000005'; --binlog.000005不存在，所以报错 ERROR 1220 (HY000): Error when executing command SHOW BINLOG EVENTS: Could not find target log --下面的这个查询中，前面执行的DML在这里均可以看到 root@localhost[tempdb]> show binlog events in 'binlog.000004'; +---------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +---------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | binlog.000004 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 107 | Server ver: 5.5.39-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | binlog.000004 | 107 | Query | 1 | 194 | create database tempdb | | binlog.000004 | 194 | Query | 1 | 304 | use `tempdb`; create table tb1(id smallint,val varchar(10)) | | binlog.000004 | 304 | Query | 1 | 374 | BEGIN | | binlog.000004 | 374 | Query | 1 | 471 | use `tempdb`; insert into tb1 values(1,'jack') | | binlog.000004 | 471 | Xid | 1 | 498 | COMMIT /* xid=25 */ | +---------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+ root@localhost[tempdb]> show binlog events in 'binlog.000004' from 374; +---------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +---------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+ | binlog.000004 | 374 | Query | 1 | 471 | use `tempdb`; insert into tb1 values(1,'jack') | | binlog.000004 | 471 | Xid | 1 | 498 | COMMIT /* xid=25 */ | +---------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+ root@localhost[tempdb]> show binlog events in 'binlog.000004' from 374 limit 1; +---------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +---------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+ | binlog.000004 | 374 | Query | 1 | 471 | use `tempdb`; insert into tb1 values(1,'jack') | +---------------+-----+------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------+ d、删除历史日志 --使用purge手动删除指定日志 --使用expire-log-days删除失效日志，设置变量expire_logs_days，删除超出这个变量保留期之前的所有日志被删除 --自动日志删除通常发生在服务器启动以及日志flush --reset master方式 root@localhost[(none)]> help purge; Name: 'PURGE BINARY LOGS' Description: Syntax: PURGE { BINARY | MASTER } LOGS { TO 'log_name' | BEFORE datetime_expr } Examples: PURGE BINARY LOGS TO 'mysql-bin.010'; PURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE '2008-04-02 22:46:26'; root@localhost[tempdb]> purge binary logs to 'binlog.000003'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) root@localhost[tempdb]> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000003 | 147 | | binlog.000004 | 498 | +---------------+-----------+ root@localhost[tempdb]> system ls -hltr /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/* -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 147 Oct 3 13:46 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 498 Oct 3 14:09 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 78 Oct 3 14:23 /var/lib/mysql/binarylog/binlog.index --使用before子句purge日志，binlog.000003被删除 root@localhost[tempdb]> purge binary logs before '2014-10-03 14:09:56'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) root@localhost[tempdb]> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000004 | 498 | +---------------+-----------+ --Author: Leshami --Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami --重置所有日志 --reset master将删除在索引文件中列出所有的日志文件并重置索引文件，最后生成一个新的binlog文件。 --该操作之前先备份binlog至其它位置以备以后需要。 root@localhost[tempdb]> help reset master; Name: 'RESET MASTER' Description: Syntax: RESET MASTER Deletes all binary log files listed in the index file, resets the binary log index file to be empty, and creates a new binary log file. This statement is intended to be used only when the master is started for the first time. root@localhost[tempdb]> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec) root@localhost[tempdb]> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000001 | 107 | --reset之后，从000001开始生成全新空日志 +---------------+-----------+ --expire_log系统变量控制二进制日志自动删除的天数。默认值为0,表示“没有自动删除”。启动时和二进制日志循环时可能删除。 root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables like 'expire_log%'; +------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------+ | expire_logs_days | 0 | +------------------+-------+ root@localhost[tempdb]> set expire_logs_days=7; --提示次系统变量为全局变量 ERROR 1229 (HY000): Variable 'expire_logs_days' is a GLOBAL variable and should be set with SET GLOBAL root@localhost[tempdb]> set global expire_logs_days=7; --设置 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) root@localhost[tempdb]> select @@expire_logs_days; +--------------------+ | @@expire_logs_days | +--------------------+ | 7 | +--------------------+
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