一 MySQL集群简介
上一篇文章我们提到MySQL 读写分离，这篇文章我们讲解MySQL集群。我们提到的集群，是指多台机器完成一个工作，最主要的场景是数据库服务器和Web服务器，但是集群环境不适合大规模计算。前面我们有提到MySQL AB复制，因为MySQL AB复制不适合大规模运用，要解决这个问题，我们可以使用MySQL集群。
MySQL集群分为三类节点：管理节点、SQL节点、存储节点。管理节点的功能是管理其他节点，负责调度不同的SQL节点和存储节点。SQL节点作用是用户和该节点进行交互，用户发送SQL语句到该节点，进行读写请求。存储节点负责到磁盘中读数据和写数据。MySQL集群中采用一种特殊存储引擎，名叫NDB。NDB负责对数据进行读写，并保证节点之间的数据一致性，存储节点没有必要使用共享存储，因为第一存储节点本身的数据互为镜像，本身已经对数据做了备份。其中，管理节点只需要一个，SQL节点根据业务需要可以有多个，存储节点同理。
二 MySQL集群示意图
三 使用MySQL集群的优劣
3.1 优势
1.处理业务能力大幅提高；
2.用户关注的点更集中于业务；
3.数据不易丢失，因为存储节点对数据做备份。当然不要完全依靠MySQL集群，制定合理的备份和恢复策略还是很有必要的；
4.在SQL节点有多台的情况下，一台SQL节点宕机不影响，只需要开发人员手动判断该节点是否在线，不在线切换到另一台SQL节点上，保证了高可用性。
3.2 劣势
1.成本提高，因为MySQL集群至少需要三台服务器；
2.运维难度增强，因为服务器数量增加。
四 搭建MySQL环境
4.1 实验环境简介
属性 IP 主机名
管理节点 192.168.1.11 mgmd
存储节点 192.168.1.14 ndb01
存储节点 192.168.1.15 ndb02
SQL节点 192.168.1.12 sql01
SQL节点 192.168.1.13 sql02
MySQL集群网络拓扑图
4.2 操作系统版本
RHEL Server6.1 64位系统
4.3 使用到的软件包版本
mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz
4.4 准备工作
第一步，拷贝文件
[root@larrywen opt]# scp mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz 192.168.1.11:/opt/
[root@larrywen opt]# scp mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz 192.168.1.12:/opt/
[root@larrywen opt]# scp mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz 192.168.1.13:/opt/
[root@larrywen opt]# scp mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz 192.168.1.14:/opt/
[root@larrywen opt]# scp mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz 192.168.1.15:/opt/
第二步，修改主机名
[root@serv01 ~]# hostname mgmd.host.com
[root@serv01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@serv01 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=mgmd.host.com
[root@serv01 ~]# hostname
mgmd.host.com
[root@serv02 ~]# hostname sql01.host.com
[root@serv02 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@serv02 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=sql01.host.com
[root@serv02 ~]# hostname
sql01.host.com
[root@serv03 ~]# hostname sql02.host.com
[root@serv03 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@serv03 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=sql02.host.com
[root@serv03 ~]# hostname
sql02.host.com
[root@serv04 ~]# hostname ndb01.host.com
[root@serv04 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@serv04 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=ndb01.host.com
[root@serv04 ~]# hostname
ndb01.host.com
[root@serv05 ~]# hostname ndb02.host.com
[root@serv05 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@serv05 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=ndb02.host.com
[root@serv05 ~]# hostname
ndb02.host.com
第三步，确定IP地址
[root@mgmd ~]# ifconfig | grep eth -A1
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:07:DD:3B
inet addr:192.168.1.11 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@sql01 ~]# ifconfig | grep eth -A1
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:6A:EC:97
inet addr:192.168.1.12 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@sql02 ~]# ifconfig | grep eth -A1
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:BD:08:05
inet addr:192.168.1.13 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@ndb01 ~]# ifconfig | grep eth -A1
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0F:1A:09
inet addr:192.168.1.14 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
[root@ndb02 ~]# ifconfig | grep eth -A1
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:77:CB:2F
inet addr:192.168.1.15 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
4.5 管理节点搭建
第一步，添加mysql组和用户
[root@mgmd opt]# groupadd -g 27 mysql
[root@mgmd opt]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@mgmd opt]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
第二步，解压二进制包
[root@mgmd opt]# tar -xvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mgmd opt]# cd /usr/local/
第三步，重命名安装目录，修改所有者和所属组
[root@mgmd local]# mv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23/ mysql
[root@mgmd local]# chown mysql. mysql/ -R
[root@mgmd local]# ll mysql/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql/
[root@mgmd local]# ll mysql/
total 244
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 19071 Jun 11 2010 COPYING
drwxr-x--- 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 docs
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 5139 Jun 11 2010 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 9748 Jun 11 2010 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 161295 Jun 11 2010 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 support-files
第四步，拷贝配置文件，编辑该文件，内容如下
[root@mgmd local]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/ndb-config-2-node.ini /etc/ndb-config.ini
[root@mgmd local]# vim /etc/ndb-config.ini
[root@mgmd local]# cat /etc/ndb-config.ini
# Example Ndbcluster storage engine config file.
#
[ndbd default]
NoOfReplicas= 2
MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations= 10000
DataMemory= 80M
IndexMemory= 24M
TimeBetweenWatchDogCheck= 30000
DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes= 512
[ndb_mgmd default]
#确定该目录存在
DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[ndb_mgmd]
Id=1
HostName= 192.168.1.11
[ndbd]
Id= 2
HostName= 192.168.1.14
[ndbd]
Id= 3
HostName= 192.168.1.15
[mysqld]
Id= 4
HostName= 192.168.1.12
[mysqld]
Id= 5
HostName= 192.168.1.13
# choose an unused port number
# in this configuration 63132, 63133, and 63134
# will be used
[tcp default]
PortNumber= 63132
第五步，创建数据目录，修改所有者和所属组
[root@mgmd local]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[root@mgmd local]# chown mysql. /var/lib/mysql-cluster/ -R
[root@mgmd local]# ll -d /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 4 23:39 /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
第六步，启动ndb_mgmd
[root@mgmd local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgmd -f /etc/ndb-config.ini
2013-11-04 23:46:12 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- NDB Cluster Management Server. mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4b
2013-11-04 23:46:12 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- The default config directory '/usr/local/mysql/mysql-cluster' does not exist. Trying to create it...
2013-11-04 23:46:12 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- Sucessfully created config directory
2013-11-04 23:46:12 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- Reading cluster configuration from '/etc/ndb-config.ini'
2013-11-04 23:46:12 [MgmtSrvr] WARNING -- at line 39: [tcp] PortNumber is depricated, use Port used for this transporter instead
2013-11-04 23:46:13 [MgmtSrvr] INFO -- Reading cluster configuration from '/etc/ndb-config.ini'
2013-11-04 23:46:13 [MgmtSrvr] WARNING -- at line 39: [tcp] PortNumber is depricated, use Port used for this transporter instead
--确定进程和端口号
[root@mgmd local]# ps -ef | grep mgm | grep -v grep
root 1070 1 0 23:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgmd -f /etc/ndb-config.ini
[root@mgmd local]# netstat -langput | grep mgm
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1186 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1070/ndb_mgmd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1186 127.0.0.1:55252 ESTABLISHED 1070/ndb_mgmd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:55252 127.0.0.1:1186 ESTABLISHED 1070/ndb_mgmd
[root@mgmd local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.14)
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.15)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.11 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.12)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.13)
4.6 存储节点搭建
第一步，ndb01添加mysql组和用户
[root@ndb01 ~]# groupadd -g 27 mysql
[root@ndb01 ~]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@ndb01 ~]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
[root@ndb01 ~]# cd /opt/
第二步，ndb01解压二进制包
[root@ndb01 opt]# tar -xvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ndb01 opt]# cd /usr/local/
第三步，ndb01重命名安装目录，修改所有者和所属组
[root@ndb01 local]# mv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23/ mysql
[root@ndb01 local]# chown mysql. mysql/ -R
[root@ndb01 local]# ll -d mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql/
[root@ndb01 local]# ll mysql/
total 244
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 19071 Jun 11 2010 COPYING
drwxr-x--- 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 docs
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 5139 Jun 11 2010 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 9748 Jun 11 2010 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 161295 Jun 11 2010 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 support-files
第四步，ndb01进入mysql目录，拷贝模板文件，修改该文件，内容如下
[root@ndb01 local]# cd mysql/
[root@ndb01 mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
[root@ndb01 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@ndb01 mysql]# grep "^#\|^$" /etc/my.cnf -v
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysql_cluster]
ndb_connectstring=192.168.1.11
#下划线或者横线都可以
#ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.11
第五步，ndb01创建数据目录，修改所有者和所属组
[root@ndb01 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[root@ndb01 mysql]# chown mysql.mysql !$ -R
chown mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql-cluster -R
[root@ndb01 mysql]# ll -d /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 4 23:54 /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
第六步，ndb01初始化ndbd
[root@ndb01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial
2013-11-04 23:57:06 [ndbd] INFO -- Configuration fetched from '192.168.1.11:1186', generation: 1
#查看状态
[root@ndb01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.11:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.1.14 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, starting, Nodegroup: 0)
id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.15)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.11 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.12)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.13)
第七步，ndb02和ndb01执行相同的操作，如下：
[root@ndb02 ~]# groupadd -g 27 mysql
[root@ndb02 ~]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@ndb02 ~]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
[root@ndb02 opt]# tar -xvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@ndb02 opt]# cd /usr/local/
[root@ndb02 local]# mv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23/ mysql
[root@ndb02 local]# chown mysql. mysql/ -R
[root@ndb02 local]# ll -d mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql/
[root@ndb02 local]# ll mysql/
total 244
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 19071 Jun 11 2010 COPYING
drwxr-x--- 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 docs
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 5139 Jun 11 2010 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 9748 Jun 11 2010 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 161295 Jun 11 2010 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 support-files
[root@ndb02 local]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[root@ndb02 local]# chown mysql. /var/lib/mysql-cluster/ -R
[root@ndb02 local]# ll -d /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 5 00:00 /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
[root@ndb02 local]# cd mysql/
[root@ndb02 mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
[root@ndb02 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@ndb02 mysql]# grep "^#\|^$" !$ -v
grep "^#\|^$" /etc/my.cnf -v
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysql_cluster]
ndb_connectstring=192.168.1.11
[root@ndb02 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial
2013-11-05 00:02:18 [ndbd] INFO -- Configuration fetched from '192.168.1.11:1186', generation: 1
[root@ndb02 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.11:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.1.14 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @192.168.1.15 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.11 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.12)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.13)
4.7 SQL节点搭建
第一步，sql01添加mysql组和用户
[root@sql01 ~]# groupadd -g 27 mysql
[root@sql01 ~]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@sql01 ~]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
[root@sql01 ~]# cd /opt/
第二步，sql01解压二进制包
[root@sql01 opt]# tar -xvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
第三步，sql01重命名安装目录，修改所有者和所属组
[root@sql01 opt]# cd /usr/local/
[root@sql01 local]# mv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23/ mysql
[root@sql01 local]# chown mysql. mysql/ -R
[root@sql01 local]# ll -d mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql/
[root@sql01 local]# ll mysql/
total 244
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 19071 Jun 11 2010 COPYING
drwxr-x--- 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 docs
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 5139 Jun 11 2010 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 9748 Jun 11 2010 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 161295 Jun 11 2010 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 support-files
第四步，sql01拷贝配置文件，并修改，如下
[root@sql01 local]# cd mysql/
[root@sql01 mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
[root@sql01 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@sql01 mysql]# grep "^#\|^$" !$ -v
grep "^#\|^$" /etc/my.cnf -v
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
ndbcluster
default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysql_cluster]
ndb_connectstring=192.168.1.11
第五步，sql01拷贝运行脚本，添加可执行权限
[root@sql01 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@sql01 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
第六步，sql01创建数据目录，修改所有者和所属组
[root@sql01 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[root@sql01 mysql]# chown mysql. !$ -R
chown mysql. /var/lib/mysql-cluster -R
[root@sql01 mysql]# ll -d /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 5 00:06 /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
第七步，sql01初始化数据库
[root@sql01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'sql01.host.com' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
131105 0:07:32 [Warning] The syntax '--skip-locking' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use --skip-external-locking instead.
OK
Filling help tables...
131105 0:07:32 [Warning] The syntax '--skip-locking' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use --skip-external-locking instead.
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h sql01.host.com password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
./bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd ./mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script!
第八步，sql01启动mysql，并加入ndb
[root@sql01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@sql01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.11:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.1.14 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @192.168.1.15 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.11 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=4 @192.168.1.12 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.1.13)
第九步，sql02执行和sql01相同的操作，如下：
[root@sql02 ~]# groupadd -g 27 mysql
[root@sql02 ~]# useradd -u 27 -g 27 -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@sql02 ~]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)
[root@sql02 ~]# cd /opt/
[root@sql02 opt]# tar -xvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@sql02 opt]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/
[root@sql02 local]# mv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.1.4b-linux-x86_64-glibc23/ mysql
[root@sql02 local]# chown mysql. mysql/ -R
[root@sql02 local]# ll -d mysql/
drwxr-xr-x 13 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql/
[root@sql02 local]# ll mysql/
total 244
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 19071 Jun 11 2010 COPYING
drwxr-x--- 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 docs
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 5139 Jun 11 2010 EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 9748 Jun 11 2010 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 161295 Jun 11 2010 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 11 2010 support-files
[root@sql02 local]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[root@sql02 local]# chown mysql. /var/lib/mysql-cluster -R
[root@sql02 local]# ll -d /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 5 00:10 /var/lib/mysql-cluster/
[root@sql02 local]# cd mysql/
[root@sql02 mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf'? y
[root@sql02 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@sql02 mysql]# grep "^#\|^$" /etc/my.cnf -v
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster
ndbcluster
default-storage-engine=ndbcluster
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[mysql_cluster]
ndb_connectstring=192.168.1.11
[root@sql02 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@sql02 mysql]# chmod +x !$
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@sql02 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
WARNING: The host 'sql02.host.com' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables...
131105 0:14:20 [Warning] The syntax '--skip-locking' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use --skip-external-locking instead.
OK
Filling help tables...
131105 0:14:20 [Warning] The syntax '--skip-locking' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use --skip-external-locking instead.
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h sql02.host.com password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
./bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd ./mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script!
[root@sql02 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@sql02 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_mgm
-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.11:1186
Cluster Configuration
---------------------
[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)
id=2 @192.168.1.14 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=3 @192.168.1.15 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.11 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)
id=4 @192.168.1.12 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
id=5 @192.168.1.13 (mysql-5.1.44 ndb-7.1.4)
4.8 测试
第一步，sql02创建测试数据库，sql01可以发现
[root@sql02 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.44-ndb-7.1.4b-cluster-gpl-log MySQL Cluster Server (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database larrydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.21 sec)
mysql>
[root@sql01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.44-ndb-7.1.4b-cluster-gpl-log MySQL Cluster Server (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| larrydb |
| mysql |
| ndbinfo |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
第二步，sql01创建测试表，插入测试数据，sql02可以发现变化
mysql> use larrydb;
Database changed
mysql> create table user(id int,name varchar(30));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.62 sec)
mysql> insert into user values(1,'larry');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
sql02
mysql> select * from larrydb.user;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | larry |
+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
如果只能使用三台服务器，可以这样配置：sql节点和ndb节点放在一起。管理节点做如下配置：
#管理节点
[ndb_mgmd]
Id=1
HostName= 192.168.1.11
[ndbd]
Id= 2
HostName= 192.168.1.14
[ndbd]
Id= 3
HostName= 192.168.1.15
[mysqld]
Id= 4
[mysqld]
Id= 5
#其他节点做sql节点的配置即可
