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日志管理相关知识 - Linux操作系统:Ubuntu_Centos_

来源:自学PHP网    时间:2015-04-14 11:12 作者: 阅读:

[导读] 日志管理相关知识一 日志相关文件[plain]#很关键 [root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/ anaconda.ifcfg.log anaconda.xlog btmp dmesg maillog secure wtmp ......

日志管理相关知识
 
一 日志相关文件
[plain] 
#很关键  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/  
anaconda.ifcfg.log    anaconda.xlog      btmp           dmesg       maillog            secure            wtmp  
anaconda.log          anaconda.yum.log   btmp-20130805  dmesg.old  maillog-20130805  secure-20130805   yum.log  
anaconda.program.log  audit              ConsoleKit     dracut.log messages           spooler  
anaconda.storage.log  boot.log           cron          httpd       messages-20130805  spooler-20130805  
anaconda.syslog       boot.log-20130805  cron-20130805 lastlog     rhsm               tallylog  
   
#关键日志,大部分记录在里面  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/messages  
/var/log/messages  
        
#系统启动,硬件相关日志  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/dmesg*  
/var/log/dmesg  /var/log/dmesg.old  
   
#登录安全相关日志  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/secure  
/var/log/secure  
   
#使用ssh登录,输入错误密码  
[root@larrywen opt]# ssh 192.168.1.11  
root@192.168.1.11's password:  
Permission denied, please try again.  
root@192.168.1.11's password:  
Permission denied, please try again.  
   
#监控文件,可以看到刚才输入的错误密码已经记录下来了  
[root@client01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/secure  
[root@client01 ~]# tail -n 4/var/log/secure  
Aug 5 14:46:13 client01 sshd[2796]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authenticationfailure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=192.168.1.1  user=root  
Aug 5 14:46:15 client01 sshd[2796]: Failed password for root from192.168.1.1 port 50116 ssh2  
Aug 5 14:46:23 client01 unix_chkpwd[2800]: password check failed for user(root)  
Aug 5 14:46:25 client01 sshd[2796]: Failed password for root from192.168.1.1 port 50116 ssh2  
   
#邮件相关日志  
[root@larrywen opt]# ls /var/log/maillog  
/var/log/maillog  
   
#登录信息日志  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/lastlog  
#最后登录的信息  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/lastlog  
/var/log/lastlog  
[root@client01 ~]# last  
#最后登录错误的信息  
[root@client01 ~]# lastb  
   
#SELINUX相关日志  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/audit/  
audit.log  
   
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/maillog*  
/var/log/maillog  /var/log/maillog-20130805  
#之前日志的备份,一个星期切换一次,会自动备份  
maillog-20130805  
   
[root@larrywen 0805]# ls /var/log/maillog*  
/var/log/maillog  /var/log/maillog-20130729  /var/log/maillog-20130805  
[root@larrywen 0805]# ls /var/log/boot.log*  
/var/log/boot.log  /var/log/boot.log-20130729  /var/log/boot.log-20130805  
 
二 日志相关服务
[plain] 
[root@client01 ~]# ps -ef|grep log  
#系统日志服务  
root      959     1  0 08:49 ?        00:00:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -c 4  
root     1133     1  0 08:49 ?        00:00:00 login -- root      
root     2811  2776  0 14:54 pts/0    00:00:00 grep log  
   
[root@client01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslogrestart  
Shutting down system logger:                               [  OK  ]  
Starting system logger:                                    [  OK  ]  
   
   
#rsyslog:日志记录的位置,指定输出文件  
#日志级别:Debug Warning  
 
三 实验:日志转移(一台机器的日志备份到另一台机器)
 
client01:
[plain] 
[root@client01 ~]# ls /etc/*log*  
/etc/csh.login  /etc/login.defs  /etc/logrotate.conf  /etc/rsyslog.conf  
   
/etc/logrotate.d:  
dracut httpd  subscription-manager  syslog up2date  yum  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /etc/rsyslog.conf  
/etc/rsyslog.conf  
[root@client01 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf  
   
#模块:实现某个功能的程序  
   
#不要急着写,支持异步写。等到一定量的时候才写,延迟写(负号的含义)  
-/var/log/maillog  
   
#修改文件  
[root@client01 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf  
   
[root@client01 ~]# grep "hongyi"/etc/rsyslog.conf -n  
60:local3.*                                      /var/log/hongyi.log  
#重启服务  
[root@client01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslogrestart  
Shutting down system logger:                               [  OK  ]  
Starting system logger:                                    [  OK  ]  
#可以查看到生成了这个文件  
[root@client01 ~]# ls /var/log/hongyi.log  
/var/log/hongyi.log  
#写日志  
[root@client01 ~]# logger -p"local3.info" "this is test"  
[root@client01 ~]# cat /var/log/hongyi.log  
Aug 5 15:17:00 client01 root: this is test  
#我们写local2.info,发现没有记录  
[root@client01 ~]# logger -p"local2.info" "this is test"  
[root@client01 ~]# cat /var/log/hongyi.log  
Aug 5 15:17:00 client01 root: this is test  
   
[root@client01 ~]# logger --help  
logger: invalid option -- '-'  
usage: logger [-is] [-f file] [-p pri] [-ttag] [-u socket] [ message ... ]  
   
#性能  
   
#一台机器上的文件保存到另一台机器上  
[root@serv02 ~]# grep "UDP" /etc/rsyslog.conf  -n -A1  
12:# Provides UDP syslog reception  
13-$ModLoad imudp.so  
14:$UDPServerRun 514  
15-  
[root@serv02 ~]# grep "local3.*"/etc/rsyslog.conf  -n  
59:local3.*                                      /tmp/up.log  
[root@larrywen 0805]# man rsyslog.conf  
 
serv01:
[plain] 
#rsyslog.conf做如下配置  
[root@serv01 ~]# grep local3/etc/rsyslog.conf -n  
#192.168.1.12是serv02的IP  
#@:UDP 服务  
#@@:TCP服务  
60:local3.*     @192.168.1.12  
#重启服务  
[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslogrestart  
Shutting down system logger:                               [  OK  ]  
Starting system logger:                                    [  OK  ]  
#Serv02配置完后,输出日志到第二台机器  
[root@serv01 ~]# logger -p"local3.info" "hello,world"  
 
serv02:
[plain] 
#rsyslog.conf文件做如下配置  
[root@serv02 ~]# cat -n/etc/rsyslog.conf|sed "8,9p;/local3/p"  -n  
    8  $ModLoad imuxsock.so    # provides support for local system logging(e.g. via logger command)  
    9  $ModLoad imklog.so # provides kernel logging support (previouslydone by rklogd)  
59   local3.*     /tmp/up.log  
#重启服务  
[root@serv02 ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslogrestart  
Shutting down system logger:                               [  OK  ]  
Starting system logger:                                    [  OK  ]  
#查看文件可以看到  
[root@serv02 ~]# cat /tmp/up.log  
Aug 5 15:31:38 serv01 root: hello,world  
   
#日志备份  
 
四 定时计划任务
[plain] 
[root@client01 ~]# yum install at -y  
[root@client01 ~]# at now +3 minutes  
at> echo "hello,wolrd" >/opt/aa01.txt  
at> <EOT>  
job 2 at 2013-08-05 16:20  
Can't open /var/run/atd.pid to signal atd.No atd running?  
[root@client01 ~]# /etc/init.d/atd start  
Starting atd:                                              [  OK  ]  
#相对当前时间  
[root@client01 ~]# at now +3 minutes  
at> echo "hello,wolrd" >/opt/aa01.txt  
at> <EOT>  
job 3 at 2013-08-05 16:21  
[root@client01 ~]# at -l  
3     2013-08-0516:21 a root:    
2     2013-08-0516:20 a root  
root@client01 opt]# ll  
total 20  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    12 Aug 5 16:20 aa01.txt  
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jul 23 00:54lost+found  
   
#支持分钟 小时 天  
[root@client01 ~]# at now +1 days  
   
   
[root@client01 opt]# at 16:28 08/05/2013  
at> echo "hello,uplooking"> /opt/aa02.txt  
at> <EOT>  
job 4 at 2013-08-05 16:28  
[root@client01 opt]# at -l  
4     2013-08-0516:28 a root  
   
[root@client01 opt]# at 18:20 08/06/2013  
at> rm -rf /*<EOT>  
job 5 at 2013-08-06 18:20  
[root@client01 opt]# at -l  
5     2013-08-0618:20 a root  
4     2013-08-0516:28 a root  
   
[root@client01 opt]# at --help  
at: invalid option -- '-'  
Usage: at [-V] [-q x] [-f file] [-mldbv]time  
      at -c job ...  
      atq [-V] [-q x]  
      atrm [-V] job ...  
      batch  
#移除  
[root@client01 opt]# atrm 5  
#列出详细的任务  
[root@client01 opt]# at -l  
4     2013-08-0516:28 a root  
   
#执行完后自动清除,本次有效  
   
#crontab:循环有效  
[root@client01 opt]# vim /etc/crontab  
   ** * * * echo `date` >> /opt/aa03.txt  
#添加规则  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab -e  
no crontab for root - using an empty one  
crontab: installing new crontab  
   
30 18 * * * init 0  
1 */2 10-20 7,8 5 wall "Have aholiday"  
#列出所有的任务  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab -l  
* * * * * echo `date` >>/opt/aa03.txt  
30 18 * * * init 0  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab --help  
crontab: invalid option -- '-'  
crontab: usage error: unrecognized option  
usage:    crontab[-u user] file  
       crontab[-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]  
              (defaultoperation is replace, per 1003.2)  
       -e    (edit user's crontab)  
       -l     (list user's crontab)  
       -r    (delete user's crontab)  
       -i     (prompt before deleting user's crontab)  
       -s    (selinux context)  
   
#查看编写的文件  
[root@client01 opt]# cd /var/spool/  
[root@client01 spool]# ls  
anacron at  cron  lpd mail  plymouth  postfix up2date  
[root@client01 spool]# cd cron/  
[root@client01 cron]# ll  
total 4  
-rw-------. 1 root root 58 Aug  5 16:37 root  
[root@client01 cron]# cat root  
* * * * * echo `date` >>/opt/aa03.txt  
30 18 * * * init 0  
[root@client01 cron]# cd /etc/cron.  
cron.d/       cron.daily/   cron.deny    cron.hourly/  cron.monthly/cron.weekly/  
        
#每天执行的  
[root@client01 cron]# cat/etc/cron.d/0hourly  
SHELL=/bin/bash  
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin  
MAILTO=root  
HOME=/  
01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly  
   
#每个小时执行的  
[root@client01 cron]# cat/etc/cron.hourly/0anacron  
#!/bin/bash  
#in case file doesn't exist  
if test -r /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily;then  
   day=`cat /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily`  
fi  
if [ `date +%Y%m%d` = "$day" ];then  
   exit 0;  
fi  
   
# in case anacron is already running,  
# there will be log (daemon won't berunning twice).  
if test -x /usr/bin/on_ac_power; then  
   /usr/bin/on_ac_power &> /dev/null  
   if test $? -eq 1; then  
   exit 0  
   fi  
fi  
/usr/sbin/anacron -s  
   
#查看每天执行的配置文件  
[root@client01 cron]# cat/etc/cron.daily/logrotate  
#!/bin/sh  
   
/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf>/dev/null 2>&1  
EXITVALUE=$?  
if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then  
   /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with[$EXITVALUE]"  
fi  
exit 0  
   
#查看syslog文件,可以看到日志的创建过程  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# cat syslog  
/var/log/messages /var/log/secure/var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler /var/log/boot.log /var/log/cron {  
   sharedscripts  
   postrotate  
       /bin/kill-HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid 2> /dev/null` 2> /dev/null || true  
   endscript  
}  
   
#可以对日志的相关文件进行配置  
[root@client01 cron]# cat/etc/logrotate.conf  
# see "man logrotate" for details  
# rotate log files weekly  
weekly  
   
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs  
rotate 4  
   
# create new (empty) log files afterrotating old ones  
create  
   
# use date as a suffix of the rotated file  
dateext  
   
# uncomment this if you want your log filescompressed  
#compress  
   
# RPM packages drop log rotationinformation into this directory  
include /etc/logrotate.d  
   
# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'llrotate them here  
/var/log/wtmp {  
   monthly  
   create 0664 root utmp  
       minsize1M  
   rotate 1  
}  
   
/var/log/btmp {  
   missingok  
   monthly  
   create 0600 root utmp  
   rotate 1  
}  
   
# system-specific logs may be also beconfigured here.  
 
五 模拟日志文件的拷贝
[plain] 
#从man中进行示例的拷贝  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# manlogrotate.conf  
   
#编辑文件  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# vim/etc/logrotate.conf  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# cat/etc/logrotate.conf  
/opt/hongyi.log {  
   monthly  
   rotate 2  
   olddir /opt/old  
   missingok  
   create 0600 root hongyi  
   nocompress  
}  
#创建用户  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# useradd hongyi  
#创建目录  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# mkdir /opt/old  
#创建文件  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# touch/opt/hongyi.log  
#编辑文件  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# vim/opt/hongyi.log  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# ls /opt  
aa03.txt hongyi.log  old  
   
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# logrotate--help  
Usage: logrotate [OPTION...]<configfile>  
  -d,--debug               Don't do anything,just test (implies -v)  
  -f,--force               Force file rotation  
  -m,--mail=command        Command to sendmail (instead of `/bin/mail')  
  -s,--state=statefile     Path of state file  
  -v,--verbose             Display messagesduring rotation  
   
Help options:  
  -?,--help                Show this helpmessage  
 —usage                   Displaybrief usage message  
#强制使配置文件生效  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# logrotate -f/etc/logrotate.conf  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# ls /opt  
aa03.txt hongyi.log  old  
#可以看到已经生成了文件  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# ls /opt/old/  
hongyi.log-20130805  
#日志轮寻  
#日志切换  
   
[root@client01 ~]# ls /etc/cron.d  
cron.d/    cron.daily/ cron.deny  
#查看每天切换的   
[root@client01 ~]# ls /etc/cron.daily/  
logrotate makewhatis.cron  rhsm-complianced  
[root@client01 ~]# cat/etc/cron.daily/logrotate  
#!/bin/sh  
   
/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf>/dev/null 2>&1  
EXITVALUE=$?  
if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then  
   /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with[$EXITVALUE]"  
fi  
exit 0  
[root@client01 ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.conf  
# see "man logrotate" for details  
# rotate log files weekly  
weekly  
   
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs  
rotate 4  
   
# create new (empty) log files afterrotating old ones  
create  
   
# use date as a suffix of the rotated file  
dateext  
   
# uncomment this if you want your log filescompressed  
#compress  
   
# RPM packages drop log rotationinformation into this directory  
include /etc/logrotate.d  
   
# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'llrotate them here  
/var/log/wtmp {  
   monthly  
   create 0664 root utmp  
       minsize1M  
   rotate 1  
}  
   
/var/log/btmp {  
   missingok  
   monthly  
   create 0600 root utmp  
   rotate 1  
}  
   
/opt/hongyi.log {  
   monthly  
   rotate 2  
   olddir /opt/old  
   missingok  
   create 0600 root hongyi  
   nocompress  
}  
   
# system-specific logs may be also beconfigured here.  
[root@client01 ~]# cd /etc/lo  
localtime       login.defs      logrotate.conf  logrotate.d/     
[root@client01 ~]# cd /etc/logrotate.d/  
[root@client01 logrotate.d]# ll  
total 24  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 103 Apr 27  2011 dracut  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185 Jun 24  2010 httpd  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  71 May 5  2011 subscription-manager  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 228 May 20  2009 syslog  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  32 Apr 8  2010 up2date  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 100 Apr 29  2011 yum  
   
#程序切换 日志切换  
#日志:很重要  
        
#设置日期  
[root@client01 opt]# date -s"2013-08-07"  
Wed Aug 7 00:00:00 CST 2013  
#强制使文件生效,v显示过程  
[root@client01 opt]# logrotate -fv/etc/logrotate.conf  
reading config file /etc/logrotate.conf  
including /etc/logrotate.d  
reading config file dracut  
reading config info for /var/log/dracut.log  
reading config file httpd  
reading config info for /var/log/httpd/*log  
reading config file subscription-manager  
reading config info for /var/log/rhsm/*.log  
reading config file syslog  
reading config info for /var/log/messages/var/log/secure /var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler /var/log/boot.log/var/log/cron  
reading config file up2date  
reading config info for /var/log/up2date  
reading config file yum  
reading config info for /var/log/yum.log  
reading config info for /var/log/wtmp  
reading config info for /var/log/btmp  
reading config info for /opt/hongyi.log  
olddir is now /opt/old  
   
Handling 9 logs  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/dracut.log  forced from command line (4 rotations)  
empty log files are not rotated, old logsare removed  
considering log /var/log/dracut.log  
  logdoes not need rotating  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/httpd/*log  forced from command line (4 rotations)  
empty log files are not rotated, old logsare removed  
considering log /var/log/httpd/access_log  
  logdoes not need rotating  
considering log /var/log/httpd/error_log  
  logdoes not need rotating  
not running postrotate script, since nologs were rotated  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/rhsm/*.log  forced from command line (4 rotations)  
empty log files are not rotated, old logsare removed  
considering log /var/log/rhsm/rhsmcertd.log  
  logdoes not need rotating  
considering log /var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log  
  logdoes not need rotating  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/messages/var/log/secure /var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler /var/log/boot.log/var/log/cron  forced from command line(4 rotations)  
empty log files are rotated, old logs areremoved  
considering log /var/log/messages  
  logneeds rotating  
considering log /var/log/secure  
  logneeds rotating  
considering log /var/log/maillog  
  logneeds rotating  
considering log /var/log/spooler  
  logneeds rotating  
considering log /var/log/boot.log  
  logneeds rotating  
considering log /var/log/cron  
  logneeds rotating  
rotating log /var/log/messages,log->rotateCount is 4  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
rotating log /var/log/secure,log->rotateCount is 4  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
rotating log /var/log/maillog,log->rotateCount is 4  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
rotating log /var/log/spooler,log->rotateCount is 4  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
rotating log /var/log/boot.log,log->rotateCount is 4  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
rotating log /var/log/cron,log->rotateCount is 4  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
fscreate context set to system_u:object_r:var_log_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/messages to/var/log/messages-20130807  
creating new /var/log/messages mode = 0600uid = 0 gid = 0  
fscreate context set tosystem_u:object_r:var_log_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/secure to/var/log/secure-20130807  
creating new /var/log/secure mode = 0600uid = 0 gid = 0  
fscreate context set tosystem_u:object_r:var_log_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/maillog to/var/log/maillog-20130807  
creating new /var/log/maillog mode = 0600uid = 0 gid = 0  
fscreate context set tosystem_u:object_r:var_log_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/spooler to/var/log/spooler-20130807  
creating new /var/log/spooler mode = 0600uid = 0 gid = 0  
fscreate context set tosystem_u:object_r:var_log_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/boot.log to/var/log/boot.log-20130807  
creating new /var/log/boot.log mode = 0644uid = 0 gid = 0  
fscreate context set tosystem_u:object_r:var_log_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/cron to/var/log/cron-20130807  
creating new /var/log/cron mode = 0600 uid= 0 gid = 0  
running postrotate script  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/up2date  forced from command line (4 rotations)  
empty log files are rotated, old logs areremoved  
considering log /var/log/up2date  
  log/var/log/up2date does not exist -- skipping  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/yum.log  forced from command line (4 rotations)  
empty log files are not rotated, old logsare removed  
considering log /var/log/yum.log  
  logdoes not need rotating  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/wtmp  forced from command line (1 rotations)  
empty log files are rotated, only log files>= 1048576 bytes are rotated, old logs are removed  
considering log /var/log/wtmp  
  logneeds rotating  
rotating log /var/log/wtmp,log->rotateCount is 1  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
fscreate context set to system_u:object_r:wtmp_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/wtmp to/var/log/wtmp-20130807  
creating new /var/log/wtmp mode = 0664 uid= 0 gid = 22  
removing old log /var/log/wtmp-20130806  
   
rotating pattern: /var/log/btmp  forced from command line (1 rotations)  
empty log files are rotated, old logs areremoved  
considering log /var/log/btmp  
  logneeds rotating  
rotating log /var/log/btmp,log->rotateCount is 1  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
fscreate context set to system_u:object_r:faillog_t:s0  
renaming /var/log/btmp to/var/log/btmp-20130807  
creating new /var/log/btmp mode = 0600 uid= 0 gid = 22  
removing old log /var/log/btmp-20130806  
   
rotating pattern: /opt/hongyi.log  forced from command line (2 rotations)  
olddir is /opt/old, empty log files arerotated, old logs are removed  
considering log /opt/hongyi.log  
  logneeds rotating  
rotating log /opt/hongyi.log,log->rotateCount is 2  
dateext suffix '-20130807'  
glob pattern'-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'  
fscreate context set tounconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0  
renaming /opt/hongyi.log to/opt/old/hongyi.log-20130807  
creating new /opt/hongyi.log mode = 0600uid = 0 gid = 500  
removing old log/opt/old/hongyi.log-20130805  
   
#可以查看old目录下的文件  
[root@client01 opt]# ls old/  
hongyi.log-20130806  hongyi.log-20130807  
[root@client01 opt]# cat hongyi.log  
#查看文件的权限  
[root@client01 opt]# ll  
total 8  
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2436 Aug 7 00:01 aa03.txt  
-rw-------. 1 root hongyi    0 Aug 7 00:00 hongyi.log  
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   4096 Aug 7 00:00 old  
 
六 crontab——定时任务
[plain] 
#延时执行,系统启动后,检测还没有执行的任务。计划任务  
#什么时候启动机器,什么时候检测  
[root@client01 opt]# cat /etc/anacrontab  
# /etc/anacrontab: configuration file foranacron  
   
# See anacron(8) and anacrontab(5) fordetails.  
   
SHELL=/bin/sh  
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin  
MAILTO=root  
# the maximal random delay added to thebase delay of the jobs  
RANDOM_DELAY=45  
# the jobs will be started during thefollowing hours only  
START_HOURS_RANGE=3-22  
   
#period in days   delay in minutes   job-identifier   command  
1     5     cron.daily            nicerun-parts /etc/cron.daily  
7     25   cron.weekly         nicerun-parts /etc/cron.weekly  
@monthly 45      cron.monthly              nice run-parts /etc/cron.monthly  
   
#crontab:列出和删除  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab -l  
* * * * * echo `date` >>/opt/aa03.txt  
30 18 * * * init 0  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab --help  
crontab: invalid option -- '-'  
crontab: usage error: unrecognized option  
usage:    crontab[-u user] file  
       crontab[-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]  
              (defaultoperation is replace, per 1003.2)  
       -e    (edit user's crontab)  
       -l     (list user's crontab)  
       -r    (delete user's crontab)  
       -i     (prompt before deleting user's crontab)  
       -s    (selinux context)  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab -r  
[root@client01 opt]# crontab -l  
no crontab for root  
 

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