来源：自学PHP网 时间：2015-04-17 17:13 作者： 阅读:次
[导读] Nagios1 通过rz或sftp命令将CentOS-Base repo oldboy上传到linux上 bin cp CentOS-Base repo oldboy etc yum repos dmv CentOS-Base repo CentOS-Base repo save bin cp Cen...
Nagios1#########################通过rz或sftp命令将CentOS-Base.repo.oldboy上传到linux上 /bin/cp CentOS-Base.repo.oldboy /etc/yum.repos.d mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.save /bin/cp CentOS-Base.repo.oldboy CentOS-Base.repo 这样yum安装源就配好了
解决perl编译问题: echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>> /etc/profile source /etc/profile #←使修改生效
关闭nagios server iptables防火墙 /etc/init.d/iptables stop
禁止自启动 chkconfig iptables off
解决时间同步 /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org
安装nagios需要的基础软件包 yum install gcc glibc glibc-common -y yum install gd gd-devel -y yum install httpd php -y
vi /etc/yum.conf more /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
创建nagios需要的用户及组 /usr/sbin/useradd -m nagios /usr/sbin/useradd apache -M -s /sbin/nologin /usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache
上传软件包到指定目录或通过URL下载 mkdir -p /home/rhy/tools/nagios cd /home/rhy/tools/nagios rz -y #从本地上传oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip
安装nagios软件包 cd /home/rhy/tools/nagios unzip oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip #←使用unzip解压 tar xzf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz cd nagios-3.2.0 ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd make all make install make install-init make install-config make install-commandmode
安装nagios web配置文件及创建登陆用户 #安装nagios web配置文件 make install-webconf cd ../ 注:如果为单独的apache源代码编译，则操作如下 mkdir -p /etc/httpd/conf.d/ make install-webconf cp /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/ 假定apache安装路径/usr/local/apache2，以下同，不在提及。 编辑vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 增加 Include conf/extra/nagios.conf ；如果为yum安装的httpd 上面几行绿色的不需要操作。
#创建nagios监控界面登入需要的用户名及密码 htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users oldboy
添加监控报警的接收email vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg +35 修改如下行： email nagios@localhost 改为： email hyran@126.com 保存，退出。 注意：此功能依赖本机的sendmail服务，可执行service sendmail start 开启。（
配置apache服务 vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf +231 启动apache并加入系统自启动: service httpd start chkconfig httpd on 检查apache port： netstat -lntup|grep 80 tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
安装nagios插件软件包 tar zxzf nagios-plugins-1.4.13.tar.gz cd nagios-plugins-1.4.13 ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules make make install cd ..
#此编译如遇到make: *** [all] Error 2 则configure加--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql解决 检查插件个数： ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l 63 #
添加到系统开机自启动 chkconfig --add nagios chkconfig nagios on 验证nagios配置文件（检查语法） /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig #←用此方法检查需要需要做下特殊处理详见附录九 [root@linux training_soft]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig Running configuration check... OK. 不显示错误 用 vim /etc/init.d/nagios +178 把>后面的删掉即可 Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 0 Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check
启动nagios service nagios start或/etc/init.d/nagios start 出现问题 [root@linux ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios start Starting nagios:su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/nagios: No such file or directory 需要建立目录 #mkdir –p /home/nagios
检查进程： [root@nagiosserver nagios-plugins-1.4.13]# ps -ef|grep nagios nagios 17686 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
关闭服务器开启的SElinux setenforce 0 #使之直接生效， 然后编辑文件 vi /etc/selinux/config #修改SELINUX项为disabled SELINUX=disabled #重起生效 或者 chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /usr/local/nagios/sbin/ chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /usr/local/nagios/share/
打开网页输入 虚拟机ip/nagios
安装nrpe tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz cd nrpe-2.12 ./configure make all make install-plugin make install-daemon make install-daemon-config cd .. 2#######################################################
Nagios客户端安装部分 nagios client端基础准备: echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>> /etc/profile source /etc/profile #←使修改生效
关闭nagios server iptables防火墙 /etc/init.d/iptables stop 禁止自启动 chkconfig iptables off
解决时间同步 /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org
安装nagios 客户端插件 mkdir -p /home/rhy/tools/nagios cd /home/rhy/tools/nagios rz -y #←从本地上传oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip 或自行下载nagios软件： unzip oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip /usr/sbin/adduser nagios -M tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.13.tar.gz cd nagios-plugins-1.4.13 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --enable-perl-modules --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround make make install cd ..
检查插件个数： ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l 63
#此编译如遇到make: *** [all] Error 2 则configure加--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql解决 #如果为red hat linux，可能会卡到如下位置： configure: See http://nagiosplugins.org/faq/compile/configure_appears_to_hang if this next part takes a long time checking for redhat spopen problem... 解决： 多等会就OK了。或增加编译参数 --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround重新编译 即：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --enable-perl-modules --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround
#安装nrpe tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz cd nrpe-2.12 ./configure make all make install-plugin make install-daemon ##生成nrpe.cfg make install-daemon-config cd ..
#安装其它相关的插件 tar zxvf Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz cd Params-Validate-0.91 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd ..
tar zxvf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz cd Class-Accessor-0.31 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd ..
tar zxvf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz cd Config-Tiny-2.12 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd ..
tar zxvf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz cd Math-Calc-Units-1.07 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd ..
tar zxvf Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz cd Regexp-Common-2010010201 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd ..
tar zxvf Nagios-Plugin-0.34.tar.gz cd Nagios-Plugin-0.34 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd ..
yum install sysstat -y 注*:上文提到的各种插件本文附带了一个大的软件包，用户也可自行去下载
配置开发的几个基础脚本插件 /bin/cp /home/rhy/tools/nagios/training_soft/check_memory.pl /usr/local/nagios/libexec /bin/cp /home/rhy/tools/nagios/training_soft/check_iostat /usr/local/nagios/libexec #注意路径 chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat dos2unix /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl dos2unix /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat
配置nrpe #config nrpe.cfg cd /usr/local/nagios/etc vi nrpe.cfg +79
加入可以监控该服务器的nagios server端的IP。
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1, 172.16.1.196,172.16.1.190 ←主机的IP shift+g到结尾
注释掉或者干脆删除199-203行即下面几行 #command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10 #command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20 #command[check_hda1]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1 #command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z #command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200 同时在下面新添加要监控的内容：
启动：nagios client /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d" >> /etc/rc.local ps -ef|grep nagios nagios 28466 1 0 21:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d 注意： 1、#执行完启动命令，进行检查是个良好的习惯 2、tips:重起nagios nrpe组合命令 pkill nrpe && /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
另外注意防火墙要允许5666端口加到/etc/sysconfig/iptables里，重起iptables. vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 5666 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 -p tcp -m tcp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 -p udp -m udp -j ACCEPT
测试环境，建议最好先把iptables关掉，等nagios都测试通了在来调试iptables，否则给学习测试增加了复杂度。关闭命令/etc/init.d/iptables stop
配置 nagios 监控服务 以下为server 端的操作 nagios.cfg 基本配置 在 nagios.cfg 文件中找到cfg_file 的部分，进行如下设置：
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg +34 #包含配置目录，目录下所有cfg 文件将被包含,通过这种方式便于写脚本批量处理。 需要增加的仅为以下三行 cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ objects/commands cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ objects/services cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ objects/hosts
#注*：相关配置文件用途上面已列表格说明，在此不重复了 下面绿色的配置当前不需要添加但以后会经常编辑，因此说明下 # You can specify individual object config files as shown below: cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg # Definitions for monitoring etiantian.org server and service cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/host.cfg cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/service.cfg #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/servicegroups.cfg 注意：需要注释掉如下localhost.cfg 行，否则和我们要配的会冲突原 36 行 # Definitions for monitoring the local (Linux) host #cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg 生产库各配置文件实战配置例子写法
nagios 实战实例配置过程细节： a.配置监控客户端服务器的磁盘分区、Load、Mem、Swap、磁盘io 首先需要在host.cfg 里添加客户端主机和主机组（HOST GROUP） cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/ #←进入到辅助配置文件的目录 vi host.cfg #←默认情况下host.cfg 是不存在的，需要手工创建
define host { use linux-server host_name 197-etiantian-1-1 alias 197-etiantian-1-1 address 172.16.1.197 #←注意是改成客户端的IP check_command check-host-alive max_check_attempts 3 normal_check_interval 2 retry_check_interval 2 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 300 notification_period 24x7 notification_options d,u,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data 1 } ####################################################### # HOST GROUP DEFINITION #create by ryan (qq:49000448) ####################################################### # Define an optional hostgroup for Linux machines define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group members 197-etiantian-1-1 } 3#################################################################
同理添加要监控的服务配置到service.cfg vi service.cfg define service { use generic-service host_name 197-etiantian-1-1 service_description Current Load check_command check_nrpe!check_load max_check_attempts 2 normal_check_interval 4 retry_check_interval 4 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 1440 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data 1 } define service { use generic-service host_name 197-etiantian-1-1 service_description MEM Useage check_command check_nrpe!check_mem max_check_attempts 2 normal_check_interval 4 retry_check_interval 4 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 1440 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data 1 } define service { use generic-service host_name 197-etiantian-1-1 service_description Swap Useage check_command check_nrpe!check_swap max_check_attempts 10 normal_check_interval 3 retry_check_interval 4 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 480 notification_period workhours notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data 1 } define service { use generic-service host_name 197-etiantian-1-1 service_description Disk Partition check_command check_nrpe!check_disk max_check_attempts 8 normal_check_interval 3 retry_check_interval 2 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 360 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data 1 } define service { use generic-service host_name 197-etiantian-1-1 service_description Disk Iostat check_command check_nrpe!check_iostat!5!11 max_check_attempts 2 normal_check_interval 4 retry_check_interval 4 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 1440 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data 1 } #注*: 1.以上service.cfg 中添加了对磁盘分区、Load、Mem、Swap、磁盘io 的监控 2.以上hots.cfg 及service 的内容的详细解释见附录八
若此时执行如下检查nagios 语法命令： 检查语法： /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig 会发现报错： Checking services... Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'Swap Useage' for host '197-etiantian-1-1' not defined anywhere! 省略若干。。 Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 5 根据错误提示，我们可以知道，是check_nrpe 插件没有定义导致。
#注意没有出现 Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 5 而是出现的 [root@linux objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig Running configuration check... Nagios Core 3.2.0 ………………………. Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg'... Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg'... Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg'... Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg'... Processing object config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands'... Error: Could not open config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands' for reading. …………………………. CONFIG ERROR! Check your Nagios configuration. #配置文件没有改IP
需要在commands.cfg 中加入check_nrpe 的插件配置 #vi commands.cfg 进入后按shift+g 切到结尾加入下面内容。 # 'check_nrpe' command definition define command{ command_name check_nrpe command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ } 此时重新执行检查语法命令： 检查语法： /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 0 注*:修改配置不需要restart
打开网页会出现 It appears as though you do not have permission to view information for any of theservices you requested... 解决方法 [root@nagiosserver objects]#cd /usr/local/nagios/etc [root@nagiosserver objects]#vi cgi.cfg +119 #把在1.6 节建立的用户oldboy 加到后面，注意用逗号隔开。 #default_user_name=oldboy authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,oldboy authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,oldboy authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,oldboy authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,oldboy authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,oldboy authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,oldboy authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,oldboy 记得reload nagios 命令为：/etc/init.d/nagios reload 增加从nagios 服务器端发起的监控：如url 地址，端口监控 1.添加要监控的服务配置到service.cfg
########check url
#check_weburl (http://blog.etiantian.org) 197-etiantian-1-1
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 197-etiantian-1-1
service_description blog_url
check_command check_weburl!-H blog.etiantian.org
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
retry_check_interval 1
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 30
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
contact_groups admins
}
#check_weburl(http://blog.etiantian.org/oldboy/) 197-etiantian-1-1
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 197-etiantian-1-1
service_description blog_oldboy_url
check_command check_weburl!-H blog.etiantian.org -u /oldboy/
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
retry_check_interval 1
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 30
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
contact_groups admins
}
#请注意看以上监控URL 的不同
检查语法： /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig 会发现报错： Checking services... Error: Service check command 'check_weburl' specified in service 'blog_oldboy_url' for host '197-etiantian-1-1' not defined anywhere! Error: Service check command 'check_weburl' specified in service 'blog_url' for host '197-etiantian-1-1' not defined anywhere! …省略若干… Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 2 根据错误可以知道，是check_weburl 插件没有定义导致。 、需要在commands.cfg 中加入check_weburl 的插件配置
# 'check_weburl' command definition
define command{
command_name check_weburl
command_line $USER1$/check_http $ARG1$ -w 10 -c 30
}
注意还要添加本地监控的插件：
# 'check_mem' command definition
define command{
command_name check_mem
command_line $USER1$/check_mem -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
}
# 'check_load' command definition
define command{
command_name check_load
command_line $USER1$/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
#command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
}
# 'check_disk' command definition
define command{
command_name check_disk
command_line $USER1$/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$
}
注意：以上三个插件命令没加也是正常的，这点有空偶在细看看。
如果是测试，注意在nagios 服务器端的/etc/hosts 下加 192.168.1.106 blog.etiantian.org 192.168.1.107 www.etiantian.org
检查语法： /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 0 4########################################################
同理可以监控任意端口如：80,110,25,8080,873 都可以。 cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/ vi host.cfg 切到末尾加上
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 197-etiantian-1-1
service_description ssh_22
check_command check_tcp!22
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
retry_check_interval 1
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 30
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
contact_groups admins
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 197-etiantian-1-1
service_description http_80
check_command check_tcp!80
max_check_attempts 3
normal_check_interval 2
retry_check_interval 1
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 30
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
contact_groups admins
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 197-etiantian-1-1
service_description http_80_ssh_22
check_command check_tcp!80!22
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 3
retry_check_interval 3
check_period 24x7
notification_interval 20
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
contact_groups admins
process_perf_data 1
}
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