来源:自学PHP网 时间:2020-10-21 10:41 作者:小飞侠 阅读:次
[导读] golang之数据验证validator的实现...
今天带来golang之数据验证validator的实现教程详解
前言 在web应用中经常会遇到数据验证问题,普通的验证方法比较繁琐,这里介绍一个使用比较多的包validator。 原理 将验证规则写在struct对字段tag里,再通过反射(reflect)获取struct的tag,实现数据验证。 安装 go get github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 示例 package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" ) type Users struct { Phone string `form:"phone" json:"phone" validate:"required"` Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"` Code string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"` } func main() { users := &Users{ Phone: "1326654487", Passwd: "123", Code: "123456", } validate := validator.New() err := validate.Struct(users) if err != nil { for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) { fmt.Println(err)//Key: 'Users.Passwd' Error:Field validation for 'Passwd' failed on the 'min' tag return } } return } 验证规则
跨字段验证 如想实现比较输入密码和确认密码是否一致等类似场景
示例 type UserReg struct { Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"` Repasswd string `form:"repasswd" json:"repasswd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6,eqfield=Passwd"` } 示例验证了Passwd,和Repasswd值是否相等。如想了解更多类型,请参考文档 https://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v10 自定义验证类型 示例: package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" ) type Users struct { Name string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required,CustomValidationErrors"`//包含自定义函数 Age uint8 `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18"` Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"` Code string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"` } func main() { users := &Users{ Name: "admin", Age: 12, Passwd: "123", Code: "123456", } validate := validator.New() //注册自定义函数 _=validate.RegisterValidation("CustomValidationErrors", CustomValidationErrors) err := validate.Struct(users) if err != nil { for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) { fmt.Println(err)//Key: 'Users.Name' Error:Field validation for 'Name' failed on the 'CustomValidationErrors' tag return } } return } func CustomValidationErrors(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool { return fl.Field().String() != "admin" } 翻译错误信息为中文 通过以上示例我们看到,validator默认的错误提示信息类似如下
显然这并不是我们想要,如想翻译成中文,或其他语言怎么办?go-playground上提供了很好的解决方法。 先自行安装需要的两个包 https://github.com/go-playground/locales 执行: go get github.com/go-playground/universal-translator go get github.com/go-playground/locales 示例: package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh" ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh" ) type Users struct { Name string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required"` Age uint8 `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18"` Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"` Code string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"` } func main() { users := &Users{ Name: "admin", Age: 12, Passwd: "123", Code: "123456", } uni := ut.New(zh.New()) trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("zh") validate := validator.New() //验证器注册翻译器 err := zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans) if err!=nil { fmt.Println(err) } err = validate.Struct(users) if err != nil { for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) { fmt.Println(err.Translate(trans))//Age必须大于18 return } } return } 输出:
至此我们发现大部分错误信息已经翻译成中文,但字段名(Age)还是没有翻译,为了将字段名翻译成中文,查了一些资料,https://www.jb51.net/article/197866.htm>, 照着做没有成功(可能有遗漏吧),最后还是翻看了一下源代码,在 // RegisterTagNameFunc registers a function to get alternate names for StructFields. // // eg. to use the names which have been specified for JSON representations of structs, rather than normal Go field names: // // validate.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string { // name := strings.SplitN(fld.Tag.Get("json"), ",", 2)[0] // if name == "-" { // return "" // } // return name // }) 其实原理就是注册一个函数,将struct tag里添加的中文名 作为备用名。 package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh" ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh" "reflect" ) type Users struct { Name string `form:"name" json:"name" validate:"required" label:"用户名"` Age uint8 `form:"age" json:"age" validate:"required,gt=18" label:"年龄"` Passwd string `form:"passwd" json:"passwd" validate:"required,max=20,min=6"` Code string `form:"code" json:"code" validate:"required,len=6"` } func main() { users := &Users{ Name: "admin", Age: 12, Passwd: "123", Code: "123456", } uni := ut.New(zh.New()) trans, _ := uni.GetTranslator("zh") validate := validator.New() //注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名 validate.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string { name:=fld.Tag.Get("label") return name }) //注册翻译器 err := zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(validate, trans) if err!=nil { fmt.Println(err) } err = validate.Struct(users) if err != nil { for _, err := range err.(validator.ValidationErrors) { fmt.Println(err.Translate(trans))//年龄必须大于18 return } } return } 输出结果:
gin 内置的validator gin已经支持go-playground / validator / v10进行验证。在此处查看有关标签用法的完整文档。 以下只提供了一个绑定ShouldBindWith示例,如需了解更多方法,进入这里。 示例 package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-playground/locales/zh" ut "github.com/go-playground/universal-translator" "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10" "net/http" "reflect" "strings" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding" zh_translations "github.com/go-playground/validator/v10/translations/zh" ) var trans ut.Translator // Booking contains binded and validated data. type Booking struct { CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" json:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输入时间"` CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" json:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02" label:"输出时间"` } var bookableDate validator.Func = func(fl validator.FieldLevel) bool { date, ok := fl.Field().Interface().(time.Time) if ok { today := time.Now() if today.After(date) { return false } } return true } func main() { route := gin.Default() uni := ut.New(zh.New()) trans, _ = uni.GetTranslator("zh") if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok { //注册翻译器 _= zh_translations.RegisterDefaultTranslations(v, trans) //注册自定义函数 _=v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate) //注册一个函数,获取struct tag里自定义的label作为字段名 v.RegisterTagNameFunc(func(fld reflect.StructField) string { name:=fld.Tag.Get("label") return name }) //根据提供的标记注册翻译 v.RegisterTranslation("bookabledate", trans, func(ut ut.Translator) error { return ut.Add("bookabledate", "{0}不能早于当前时间或{1}格式错误!", true) }, func(ut ut.Translator, fe validator.FieldError) string { t, _ := ut.T("bookabledate", fe.Field(), fe.Field()) return t }) } route.GET("/bookable", getBookable) route.Run(":8085") } func getBookable(c *gin.Context) { var b Booking if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"}) } else { errs := err.(validator.ValidationErrors) fmt.Println(errs.Translate(trans)) //for _, e := range errs { // // can translate each error one at a time. // fmt.Println(e.Translate(trans)) //} c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": errs.Translate(trans)}) } } 运行程序,执行以下命令 $ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-16" 结果:
查看以上结果我们发现翻译还是不太完美,如规则中有gtfield的情况,字段(CheckIn)并没有被翻译。所以通过struct添加label的方式并不能从根本上解决字段翻译问题。为了得到想要的结果,就需要将错误信息做单独处理再输出。 先定义翻译库 var BookingTrans =map[string]string{"CheckIn":"输入时间","CheckOut":"输出时间"} 再定义翻译函数 func TransTagName(libTans,err interface{}) interface{} { switch err.(type) { case validator.ValidationErrorsTranslations: var errs map[string]string errs = make(map[string]string,0) for k,v:=range err.(validator.ValidationErrorsTranslations){ for key,value:=range libTans.(map[string]string) { v=strings.Replace(v,key,value,-1) } errs[k] = v } return errs case string: var errs string for key,value:=range libTans.(map[string]string) { errs=strings.Replace(errs,key,value,-1) } return errs default: return err } } 将原来翻译错误信息的地方 errs.Translate(trans) 修改为 msg:=TransTagName(BookingTrans,errs.Translate(trans)) fmt.Println(msg) 结果
小结: 1.gin 已经支持validator最新的v10。 2.validator数据验证顺序struct字段从上往下,单个字段规则(binding:"gt=0,lt=2`),先左后右。 参考: https://github.com/go-playground/validator https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin https://gitissue.com/issues/5d06a73965d56f73569b825f https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000022527284 到此这篇关于golang之数据验证validator的实现的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关golang 数据验证validator内容请搜索自学php网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持自学php网! 以上就是关于golang之数据验证validator的实现全部内容,感谢大家支持自学php网。 |
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